![]() If cardiac anomaly is suspected, prompt referral for fetal echocardiography is required.įor further information on the most common cardiac anomalies, see Cardiac anomalies.Īssess in three planes (sagittal, coronal and transverse, including skin line and sacrum). Abdominal aorta and IVC* (for determination of situs).Superior/inferior vena cava* (SVC/IVC respectively).The following extended cardiac views should be considered in case of suspected anomaly, if the operator is experienced in cardiac assessment. Include both colour and non-colour imaging on all heart views.įor more information, see the NZMFMN and ASUM guidelines on fetal heart assessment during the 18–20 week anatomy scan (PDF, 4.7 MB) (Necas and Bagnall 2014). An axial sweep cine from stomach to outflow tracts is extremely helpful for offline review and when referring a suspected anomaly.Assess fetal heart rate and rhythm (Note: Document M-mode if there is an abnormality of the heart rate or rhythm.).Three vessel and trachea (3VT) view / arrow view.Outflow tracts: left/right ventricular outflow tract (LVOT and RVOT respectively).4Ch heart and transverse view of the interventricular septum.Anterior abdominal wall and cord insertion.Diaphragm (right and left sides, and document organs in relation to the diaphragm).Kidneys in two planes (transverse and longitudinal/coronal images (measure AP pelvis if renal dilatation is suspected).Profile showing nasal bone and mandible.Cerebral ventricles (measure lateral ventricle at atrium, normal ≤10 mm).Nuchal fold measurement (measure in the plane of the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), normal is ≤6 mm).Note: Failure to visualise these is not an isolated reason to recall for further imaging if the remaining anatomy is well visualised and normal. Placental cord insertion and its locationĮxtended views, if achievable, are in italics and marked with *. ![]() Third-trimester follow-up is recommended. Less than 20 mm is considered low lying.Consider TV scan if not well visualised.A full bladder can simulate a low-lying placenta – if in doubt, get the woman to empty her bladder.Distance from internal cervical os – measure in mm.Ask about any previous caesarean section and document placental location in relation to the scar.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |